The House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros - 1688 Words

The House on Mango Street, a novella by Sandra Cisneros, revolves around the idea of a developing Latino girl facing the difficulties of transitioning to a young mature woman. Esperanza moves into a house on Mango Street, where she meets many diverse influential people as she attempts to discover her true identity and understanding of the world. While doing this, she encounters the struggles of her community, socioeconomic class, and heritage. Esperanza’s opposing view of herself slowly adjusts as she begins to focus on where she belongs in her community. Cisneros uses a series of short stories to reveal the importance of Esperanza’s acceptance of the knowledge from the significant people around her that contributes to her developing identity. In the first part of the book, Esperanza moves into a new house on Mango Street and meets different types of people in her community and realizes that they are in a tight enclosure and are helplessly trying to escape. The influential people she meets help Esperanza form an understanding and acceptance of the knowledge she gains from them, which aid her into discovering where she belongs and who she is as a person. Marin, a teenage girl who waits everyday for a guy to change her life rather than doing it herself, is the first woman that Esperanza views as a role model because she provides Esperanza with information that she cannot learn from books or her own mother, â€Å"Marin, under the streetlight, dancing by herself, is singing theShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1132 Words   |  5 Pageslives. In the collection of short stories, The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, she focuses on a young Hispanic girl named Esperanza Cordero who grew up on Mango Street. As she is changing and maturing, she writes down her experiences about discrimination of gender, sexual orientation, and more. Esperanza s transformation from a young and innocent girl to a mature woman is displayed through her self-realization and experiences that help Cisneros reveal how one s own experiences can lead toRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1297 Words   |  6 Pagesto think of a story to create, most of the advice given to them is â€Å"write what you know.† This was perfect advice for Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros, who draws upon her coming-of-age events throughout her childhood and adolescence in â€Å"The House on Mango Street.† Drawing from life stories, her alter ego â€Å"Esperanza† describes everything from the house she lived in, to the hair on people’s heads. These personal stories show a stark contrast for any reader of a different culture, and confirmRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros913 Words   |  4 Pagesvignettes that made up â€Å"The House on Mango Street†, a coming-of-age novel by Mexican-American writer Sandra Cisneros. Cisneros in this specific vignette reveals the inherent oppressiveness of all marriages, which by their nature rob people of their independence. Sally is not even eight grades and she gets married. Her husband is a marshmallow salesman that she meets at a school bazaar. She moves to another state where is legal their marriage. Sally tells Esperanza about her house and domestic objects thatRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1854 Words   |  8 Pages The Street That Changed a Life The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, displays a great emphasis on culture and people helping form a young girl into a young lady. The main character, Esperanza, has to navigate a mentally and physically challenging life growing up in a poor, Hispanic neighborhood while still learning how to mature and rise above the poverty that surrounds her. Thus, the question arises: in what way and to what extent does close human interaction change Esperanza’s lifeRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros886 Words   |  4 PagesThe House on Mango Street is a novel by Sandra Cisneros. The novel is acclaimed by critics and used in schools all around the world. â€Å"The House on Mango Street† is about a young Latina girl who is about the age of 12 when the novel begins. Sandra’s novels have sold over two million copies. Sandra was born on December 20, 1984, in Chicago, Illinois. In 2016, President Barack Obama presented her with the medal of ‘Nat ional Medal of Arts’. Title: The House on Mango Street Author: Sandra Cisneros TheRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2004 Words   |  9 PagesIn The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, twelve-year-old Esperanza Cordero must navigate through the trials and tribulations that one can associate when encountering young adulthood. The author Cisneros, utilizes her unique writing style of vignettes to illustrate the narrative voice of Esperanza in her text. A major theme that can be seen as the most prominent thus far, is on the feminist role of Esperanza as a female in her Latin American culture. The House on Mango Street is an overallRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros753 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you look at the cover of the book, The House on Mango Street, you see bright colors and a fun font. The first vignette that Sandra Cisneros writes is about Esperanza, a young Latino girl wishing that she had her own house, a house with trees and white fences. The way that Cisneros writes screams â€Å"little girl.† Howe ver, as you dive deeper into the book, the subject of each vignette gets darker. Slowly, we start to see the dangers of growing up as a young Latino girl in a Chicago neighborhoodRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros766 Words   |  3 Pagesliterary analysis on â€Å"The House on Mango Street† by Sandra Cisneros. This story takes place in the center of an over populated Latino neighborhood in Chicago, a city where many of the poor areas are ethnically segregated. This novella uses two main symbols shoes and trees. Later in the literary analysis I will explain what these mean to the main characters. There are three main characters in the novella Esperanza, Sally and Nenny (short for â€Å"Magdalena†). The House on Mango Street tells the life of EsperanzaRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1087 Words   |  5 PagesRiaz Salehi The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, portrays the life of a teenage girl named Esperanza living on Mango Street. Though Esperanza lives in a diverse city, pre-existing stereotypes are affecting how others(women?) are perceived and treated. Esperanza starts to see how to change her community and the negative view of herself by taking the wrong actions of other women and connecting them to her own life experiences. To begin with, Esperanza always saw this great distinctionRead MoreThe House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros2190 Words   |  9 Pagessociety centuries after its foundation. One of the books I feel perfectly touches on ethnicity in America specifically is Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street. Cisneros tells a coming of age story through brief episodes of a girl named Esperanza her life varying from things about her family, neighborhood, and different dreams and goals that she has. The House on Mango street is a personal and touching look at what it means to be a minority/immigrant in America as well what it means to grow up

Ethical Issues And Nursing Relevance - 922 Words

Ethical Issues and Nursing Relevance The modern nature of telehealth has created a dialogue about ethical issues and its relevance to nursing, specifically advance practice nursing. Preserving the nurse-patient relationship is an ethical issue that remerges. This ethical factor can be especially relevant to nursing practice and patient outcomes. It can be argued that it is not feasible to make discriminate and safe judgment calls remotely, especially ones requiring the advanced practice nurse to physically observe and assess objective parameters first hand (McLean et al., 2013). It may not always be noticeable if harm is being done since the provider is not at the bedside. After all, beneficence, the promise to do no harm, is an ethical principal common among all healthcare disciplines. Telehealth may put at risk the trust that comes with face-to-face encounters and could influence patient outcomes. In contrast, research supports that patient outcomes are not solely determined by the physical presence of the advance pr actice nurse. Patient outcomes are also influenced by the development of and adherences to guidelines and standards for telehealth, which are valuable in helping insure effective and safe delivery of quality healthcare through telehealth (Krupinski Bernard, 2014). Implementing these guidelines and standards helps the client build trust in the competence of telehealthcare. Further research shows that telehealth plays a key role as a form of healthcare accessShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act Of The United States1609 Words   |  7 Pagesadvanced practice nursing, also referred to as telenursing, creates an opportunity to make an even greater impact and make the use of telehealth more feasible in many respects. In the same way telehealth can provide opportunities for healthcare access, it too can create new issues. In this discussion, it is indispensable to review issues concerning telehealth, ethical issues and nursing relevance, and implications for nursing in an effort to r enew healthcare as a whole. Issue Identification TelehealthRead MoreHealth Policy And Bioethics : Telehealth And Ethical Issues1591 Words   |  7 PagesNUR 562 Health Policy Bioethics: Telehealth and Ethical Issues As populations around the world continue to grow, it becomes more evident that health services provided worldwide are not growing at the same rate and instead will continue to put further strain on existing health disparities, and create new ones. In the United States alone, access to healthcare is a crucial topic of discussion principally as the American government continues to create initiatives and legislation such as the 2010 AffordableRead MoreProfessional Practice Issues Of Health Care Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Practice Issues in Health Care - Ethics Introduction Medical ethics play a huge role in the health care industry. A crucial part of a health care professional s role is to apply appropriate ethical guidelines into clinical settings. Due to its importance there is unlimited amount of references available in different forms regarding to this specific topic, however, the quality, reliability and relevance of each reference can remain questioned and requires further consideration. InRead MoreNursing Ethic Involving Informatics : Daniel O Brien Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pages Nursing Ethic Involving Informatics Daniel O’Brien University of Louisiana Lafayette Author Note Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Daniel M. O’Brien, Baton Rouge, LA, 70817. E-mail: dmo9257@louisiana.edu Abstract Ethics is part of the decision making process that a nurse uses and is a foundation of nursing. Nursing needs ethical standards to rely on in order to provide quality care for patients and to keep them from harm while respecting their wishes (da SilvaRead MoreA Careful and Meaningful Consideration of my Journey in Nursing Ethics1614 Words   |  7 PagesSystem, the patient, and the Healthcare provider. For a safe and effective nursing practice, a proper knowledge and understanding of nursing code of ethics, the definitions, concepts and principles of all stakeholders need to be recognized. My journey in Nursing Ethics has provided me with an opportunity to think over some of my life and clinical practice situations and relating whatever has been learnt to future nursing practices. Critical reflection analysis has helped me to identify some practiceRead MoreEssay on Why Sociology Is Important to Nursing986 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy of society, communities and people whereas nursing is a profession which focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, maintaining and recovering optimal health and functioning. In this assignment, I will describe the definition of Sociology, the definition of nursing and explain why sociology is very important and is relevant to nursing practice. I hope this assignment will show the relevance of sociology to nursing practice and that will develop more professionalRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Implications Of Therapy Nurses898 Words   |  4 Pages Stomal therapy nurses are faced with many legal and ethical implications within their practice. In such a busy and autonomous role, stomal therapy nurses may not be fully aware of the legal, and ethical implications that do exist within their practice. Nurses do not set out to find themselves in court, or to cause their patients harm. Generally nurses want to help others, and by being aware of legal and ethical issues within their practice, they may protect themselves from litigation, and theirRead MoreMedical Ethics And Health Care836 Words   |  4 Pageswise health care professionals who want to make posi tive differences. There are infinite health care resources to read, understand, and use the valuable information to better the health care environment. Whether health care professionals work in nursing homes, clinics, health centers, hospitals, or outpatient centers it’s a desire to research pertinent websites. The seven websites mentioned are imperative to every health care manager and administrator. There is a constant need to learn and be informedRead MoreThe Health Care Delivery System Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to become a registered nurse, nursing students must learn the core concepts of professionalism that they must follow in their future nursing careers. According to Finkelman and Kenner (2016), â€Å"Today, nursing is an applied science, a practice profession. To appreciate the relevance of this statement requires an understanding of professionalism and how it applies to nursing. Nursing is more than just a job; it is a professional career requiring c ommitment† (p. 17). This paper will discussRead MoreNursing Sensitive Indicators Of Nursing Index976 Words   |  4 Pagescare. 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Doctor Faustus Death Essay Research Paper Faustus free essay sample

Doctor Faustus` Death Essay, Research Paper Faustus died a decease that few could bear to conceive of, much less experience. After cognizing for many old ages when precisely he would decease, he reached the shot of the hr of his fate in a cowardly, horrid demeanour. Finally, when the Satans appeared at the shot of midnight, rupturing at his flesh as they draw him into his ageless torture, he screams for clemency without a psyche, non even God Himself, to assist him. However, what to see Doctor John Faustus from Christopher Marlow # 8217 ; s dramatic chef-doeuvre The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus is a really problematic issue. For illustration, one can see that he threw his life off for the interest of cognition, going obsessed with the cognition that he could possess. In this instance, he is undisputedly a medieval tragic hero. However, when sing the fact that he died for the interest of deriving cognition, forcing the bounds of what is possible in malice of obvious restrictions and, finally, paying the ultimate punishment, he could be considered a Renaissance sufferer. These two points of position have their obvious differences, and depending on from what clip period one chooses to put this piece of literature varies the manner that the drama is viewed. However, the thought of sing him a sufferer has many defects, several of which are apparent when sing who Faustus was before he turned to sorcery and what he did one time he obtained the powers of the existence. Therefore, necessarily, the audience in this drama should recognize that Faustus was a great adult male who did many great things, but because of his hubris and his deficiency of vision, he died the most tragic of heroes. Christopher Marlowe was borne on February 6, 1564 ( Detecting Christopher Marlowe 2 ) , in Canterbury, England, and baptized at St. George # 8217 ; s Church on the 26th of the same month, precisely two months before William Shakespeare was baptized at Stratford-upon-Avon ( Henderson 275 ) . He was the eldest boy of John Marlowe of the Shoemaker # 8217 ; s Guild and Katherine Arthur, a Dover miss of yeoman stock ( Henderson 275 ) . Upon graduating King # 8217 ; s School, Canterbury, he received a six-year scholarship to Cambridge upon the status that he surveies for the church. He went to Cambridge, but had to be reviewed by the Privy Council before the university could present him his M.A. grade because of his supposed forsaking of traveling to church. He was awarded his grade in July of 1587 at the age of 23 after the Privy Council had convinced Cambridge governments that he had behaved himself orderly and discreetly whereby he had done Her Majesty good service ( Henderson 276 ) . After this, he completed his instruction from Cambridge over a period of six old ages. During this clip he wrote some dramas, including Hero and Leander, along with interpreting others, such as Ovid # 8217 ; s Amores and Book I of Lucan # 8217 ; s Pharsalia ( Henderson 276 ) . During the following five old ages he lived in London where he wrote and produced some of his dramas and traveled a great trade on authorities committees, something that he had done while seeking to gain his M.A. grade. In 1589, nevertheless, he was imprisoned for taking portion in a street battle in which a adult male was killed ; subsequently he was discharged with a warning to maintain the peace ( Henderson 276 ) . He failed to make so ; three old ages subsequently he was summoned to tribunal for assailing two Shoreditch constables, although there is no cognition on whether or non he answered these charges ( Henderson 276 ) . Later Marlowe was suspected of being involved in the besieging of Roven where military personnels were sent to incorporate some Protestants who were doing unrest in malice of the Catholic League. Then, after sharing a room with a fellow author Thomas Kyd, he was accused by Kyd for holding dissident documents which denied the divinity of Jesus Jesus ( Detecting Christopher Marlowe 2 ) . Finally, a certain Richard Baines accused him of being an atheist. Before he could reply any of these charges, nevertheless, he was violently stabbed above his right oculus while in a battle Ingram Frizer ( Detecting Christopher Marlowe 2 ) . Doctor Faustus could be considered one of Marlowe # 8217 ; s chef-doeuvres of play. It was his bend from political relations, which he established himself in with his dramas Edward II and Tamburlaine the Great, to princedoms and power. In it he asks the reader to analyse what the bounds are for human power and cognition and ponder what would go on if one adult male tried to transcend those bounds. The drama opens up with Faustus, who is purportedly the most erudite adult male in the universe, speaking about how he has mastered every field of cognition known to adult male. He is bored with divinity, happening that adult male is doomed no affair what happens, and he has become a maestro doctor, bring arounding a whole small town of a pestilence. He feels that there is nil left for him to larn, as is frustrated by this ; hence, he decides to dig into the kingdom of sorcery and thaumaturgy. He calls upon two other prestidigitators, Valdes and Cornelius, to learn him how to raise. He learns to make so, and upon his first private experiment into the black art, Mephistophilis appears to him in the signifier of an ugly Satan. This repulses Faustus, so he tells this Satan to travel off and return as a mendicant. The Satan does so, but so explains that it was non his conjuration that brought away this Satan, but the fact that he conjured and, hence, cursed the three that made him look. Faustus realizes the sum of power that he can derive from being a sorcerer, so he tells Mephistophilis to return to hell and state Satan that he will sell his psyche to him for twenty-four old ages of absolute power. Satan agrees to this, stating Faustus to subscribe the deal in blood. Faustus does so even after a Good Angel appears to him seeking to convert him non to make so and several portents appear which warn him non to do the bond. For the following 24 old ages Faustus, with Mephistophilis as his retainer, has absolute power. However, in malice of this, he spends his clip traveling to several different of import topographic points to expose his power in the signifier of junior-grade fast ones. In Rome, Faustus turns himself unseeable and, along with Mephistophilis, pokes merriment at the Pope and some mendicants. He besides goes to the German tribunal where he shows of his power to Emperor Carolus by raising the shade of Alexander the Great. When one knight is sarcastic with Faustus # 8217 ; fast ones, he places a set of horns on his caput. Later on, Faustus sells his Equus caballus to a horse-courser on the status that he non take the Equus caballus into H2O. Soon thenceforth, the horse-courser returns, ferocious that his Equus caballus turned into a package of hay in the center of the lake. Finally, subsequently on in the drama, Faustus conjures up Helen of Troy for some fellow bookmans for their screening pleasance. As the drama draws to its flood tide, Faustus begins to recognize what he has done and that decease, which he one time thought didn # 8217 ; t be, is so his ultimate fate. Several times he is given the intimation that he should atone to God. For illustration, an old adult male enters towards the terminal of the drama and informs Faustus that it isn # 8217 ; t excessively late to atone because he himself was one time a evildoer but repented. Faustus still doesn # 8217 ; t listen. Finally, as the clock work stoppages twelve upon his hr of fate, many ugly Satans appear and drag him off as he eventually screams for clemency. After completing reading or seeing this drama, one can reason that Faustus was a Renaissance hero. In fact, some argue that this drama epitomizes the ideals of the Renaissance: egoism and the over-indulgence of cognition. The lecherousness for power that led to the surplus of the Renaissance-the slaughter of Montezuma and infinite American Indians, the launching of the Armada, the really creative activity of the English Church out of Henry # 8217 ; s spleen-is epitomized in Dr. Faustus ( Shipley 404 ) . Because Faustus gave his life and psyche to Satan himself for the interest of deriving a greater cognition is proof that he is a Renaissance hero. He rebels against the restrictions set Forth by medieval ideals and makes a contract for cognition and power. In kernel, Faustus, like every other Renaissance adult male, tries to turn out that adult male can lift above the current set of restrictions. Faustus does travel to extremes by chancing damnation in order to derive his cognition ; nevertheless, he is considered tragic and God himself is seen as the bad cat because He set forth restrictions on cognition and makes adult male suffer ageless damnation when seeking to transcend those restrictions. The comedy so comes out when one thinks that adult male was created by God and, hence, given his thirst for cognition by God. When he tries to derive cognition, so, he is damned everlastingly. This godly comedy is one of the sarcasms that one can comprehend in Marlowe # 8217 ; s drama. However, this Renaissance position of Marlowe being a sufferer much less realistic when sing Faustus to be a mediaeval tragic hero. In fact, for the very grounds that one can reason that Faustus is martyr, one can give strong grounds that he fell from grace and became a tragic hero. First of all, the Faustus claims that he is a maestro in all Fieldss of survey. In medical specialty, his [ prescriptions are ] hung up like memorials / Whereby whole metropoliss have escaped the pestilence ( 1.1.20-21 ) . He is bored with the survey of jurisprudence for this survey fits a materialistic hack / Who aims at nil but external rubbish, / Too servile and intolerant to me ( 1.1.34-36 ) . With divinity, Faustus claims that he is dumbfounded by the loose interlingual rendition of the quotation mark from Romans 6:23, For the rewards of wickedness is decease. This concluding country is where the sarcasm is greatly seen in the drama. Throughout the drama, Faustus is given the option to atone for these wickednesss and turn back towards God. When the Good Angel and the Bad Angel appear to him throughout the drama, both sides try to carry Faustus that they are right. The Bad Angel tells Faustus about how he should delve into sorcery, for this art is wherein all nature # 8217 ; s exchequer is contained ( 1.1.75 ) . The Good Angel, on the other manus, warns that by covering with thaumaturgy, he would inquire for God # 8217 ; s heavy wrath upon thy caput ( 1.1.72 ) . At first, Faustus is so eager to derive this cognition from Satan that he ignores the Good Angel. Later, when the Good Angel appears once more and pleads for him to believe on celestial things, but once more Faustus, either because he doesn # 8217 ; t want to or is afraid to, ignores this angel. The sarcasm comes from Faustus # 8217 ; position on the statement from the Book of Romans mentioned above. Faustus merely recalls the first half of the poetry ; the full poetry provinces, For the rewards of wickedness is decease, but the gift of God is ageless life through Jesus Christ our Lord. His inadvertence of this polar poetry, which in itself is the centre for Christianity, is the ultimate sarcasm in his ruin. He refu Second, Faustus originally asks Mephistophilis and Satan for the power to make anything, be it to do the Moon bead from her sphere / Or the ocean to overwhelm the universe ( 1.3.38-39 ) . He is even promised this power for twenty-four old ages if he sells his psyche to Satan. However, when he is given his extraordinary power, he resorts to utilizing it for junior-grade fast ones and folly. Originally, Faustus gained this power in order to larn more about the indispensable nature of the existence. However, when he travels to Rome, he doesn # 8217 ; t seek to utilize his power in this manner ; he becomes unseeable, package the Catholic Pope in the ear and bits cups off from the Catholic Pope # 8217 ; s custodies. He so causes pyrotechnics to detonate at the pess of the cardinals and the Catholic Pope. Finally, he returns with Mephistophilis, both dressed as cardinals, and airss as two male parents returning from a mission. All of this is pure slapstick comedy to the audience ; it is besides comedy against Faustus. He is given great powers, and resorts to utilizing them for petit larceny fast ones. He does the same thing later on, while at the German Court and Emperor Carolus the Fifth, where he makes the shade of Alexander the Great appear and where he besides makes the horns appear atop the caput of the knight, Benvolio. He so shows how his erstwhile thirst for the secrets of the universe become overshadowed by his simple lubricious phantasies when he conjures up Helen of Troy and so, one time he is faced by the old adult male and his warnings, exits with this legendary beauty. Not merely is he blinded so much by his power that he resorts to simple fast ones, but he is reduced to the indulgence of his simple pleasances. Through these shows of his necromantic powers Faustus shows the true calamity of his character. Finally, and likely his most tragic defect, is the fact that he tries to derive a cognition that is wholly out to him. Although the Renaissance position says that from the hunt of such out power one become mighty and genuinely great, the mediaeval position says that there are certain bounds for adult male and he should neer seek to interrupt those bounds. In nature, each and every thing obeys a certain order that God Himself set. First there is God, so the angels, so adult male, so animate beings, and eventually inanimate objects. If adult male tries to drop lower into the kingdom of the animate being, which implies seeking to yield to adult male # 8217 ; s animalistic lecherousnesss and inclinations, one is seen as yielding to the Idaho personality, as called by Sigmund Freud. Then, on the other terminal of the spectrum, one can seek to go more become superhuman, trying to interrupt the bounds of adult male. Lucifer was one time of the most beautiful angels until he was guilty of draw a bead oning pride and crust / For which God threw him from the face of Eden ( 1.3.68-69 ) . Faustus thinks that he can go like God by deriving these great powers ; little does he cognize that he is cursing himself to ageless torture. Even when his concluding seconds are nearing, he tries to interrupt the restriction that, since clip began, adult male has tried to besiege: clip itself. Although he was given all of the power of the existence, he was ironically non given the power to arrest clip, and as he is about to run into his fate, more clip is wholly he can inquire for so that he can atone for his wickednesss: Stand still, you ever-moving domains of heaven, That clip may discontinue and midnight neer come ; Fair Nature # 8217 ; s oculus, rise, rise once more, and do Ageless twenty-four hours ; or allow this hr be but A twelvemonth, a month, a hebdomad, a natural twenty-four hours, That Faustus may atone and salvage his psyche! O lente lente currite noctis equi ( 5.3.133-139 ) . This last line, intending Slowly, easy tally, O Equus caballuss of the dark, sums up Faustus # 8217 ; despair and tragic nature really exhaustively. Once he didn # 8217 ; t believe in decease or in snake pit ; unhappily, now he realizes that those two things are the lone world he will hold from so on. Over clip, this drama has received many reviews. In fact, there is inquiry on whether or non Marlowe really wrote this drama in its entireness. One critic says that this play should be regarded as a skeletal construction of the drama written by Marlowe, for the surviving manuscripts are so interspersed with amusing scenes and the lines themselves are so frequently revised harmonizing to caprices of the histrions that the original authorship must be culled out of the surviving version ( Dr. Faustus 261 ) . This same writer, when believing along the same lines as the above quotation mark, says, the feats of Faustus are often rendered pure low comedy ( Dr. Faustus 261 ) . From this he concluded that these parts weren # 8217 ; t written at all by Marlowe. Although this may be true, as the stylistic differences between the amusing and the serious scenes is really wide, pulling this decision from the fact that the slapstick comedy that Faustus and Mephistophilis exhibit together is of a much different tone from the remainder of the drama is absurd. In my sentiment, Marlowe included these scenes and these obvious illustrations of comedy to demo the true calamity of Faustus. He begins the drama as a great adult male who is a maestro in every field of cognition known to adult male. The best manner to stand for his truly dramatic turn-around is to demo Faustus going involved in junior-grade fast ones and jokes to show of his unbelievable power. This true calamity is, I believe, a measure that Marlowe consciously took in order to demo the dramatic alteration in the character of Faustus. I am non stating that person else besides Marlowe couldn # 8217 ; Ts have written these scenes. However, when looking at the argument from this point of position, it is really possible that Marlowe did compose them deliberately to demo the dramatic alteration in Doctor Faustus. Faustus was so a tragic hero. Many bookmans and literary experts may debate that, because this drama was written in the Renaissance, Christopher Marlowe intended that Doctor Faustus be seen as a sufferer seeking to achieve that which was forbidden to adult male in a clip when making so was the baronial thing to make. This is non true, nevertheless. Doctor Faustus was a tragic hero through and through, and the manner that he presents himself in the drama is solid grounds for this. To get down with, he feels that he can warrant his turning to witchcraft and sorcery by his gaining of all other cognitions. The sarcasm here is that he neer did, or he would hold realized that even after he had committed blasphemy by raising liquors, he could hold turned back to God. He besides is a tragic hero because of his methods of utilizing his new power. Alternatively of utilizing it to achieve the secrets of the existence, he plays junior-grade fast ones and folly on assorted of import people around the universe, including the Catholic Pope and the German emperor. Finally, he proved his tragic nature by seeking to travel above and beyond the restrictions set by God himself. Faustus knew that he had to stay by certain Torahs and regulations that God set aside for all of world. Faustus knew his restrictions, and therefore by seeking to interrupt those, he damned himself to eternal torture. Ironically, Faustus could hold been the most unbelievable human being who of all time lived. If he had repented, the universe would hold seen that God is genuinely merciful because he forgave such a profane pagan as Faustus. Faustus could hold become an illustration for all of world and proven that if he could be forgiven, so all could be forgiven. However, because he was stubborn, ignorant, and blind, he refused to see that he was neer genuinely blasted until he was drug by the Satans into the bosom of snake pit itself.

Why Honesty Is Important In A Friendship free essay sample

Honesty is a very important aspect in our life, especially in a friendship. Why? If your e not honest, no one will welcome you into their group. Everyone will think that you lie and cheat, after you do it once. You will be very unhappy and guilty. (Sometimes you dont feel bad until y ou realize that you did something wrong, and then regret it. ) You will lose friends gradually, and end up with no friends, so youll be alone most of the time. Here are three reasons why you should be honest. First of all, you wont be welcomed if youre not honest. More than a few times, youll f eel very lonely and sorry for yourself. That is because you have no friends. No one will let you join into their group. You will mostly be the odd one out. You will have to finish everything, even sch ool projects, by yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Honesty Is Important In A Friendship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You will get the feeling that nobody likes you, and youre always excluded. Another reason is, if you not honest, you wont be trusted. Even if you say something t hats rue, people wont believe you. Thats because you lied before. (like the Shepherd Boy and the Wolf) Everyone will leave you out of conversations. Theyll think that everything you say is a lie. Youll have to play or read by yourself . No one will invite you to their activities. Thats why you shou ld never tell lies. Finally, you wont be very happy if youre not honest. Lying leads us to get into trouble . Trying to cover something that you did, youll lie again and again. Youll always be afraid that sooner or later, people will discover the truth. Afterwards, youll feel very unhappy and guilty. Once t hey know you lie a lot, everyone will start to avoid you. Youll feel sad that you are the one stayed away f rom. If you spread rumors, gossip, etc, no one will come near you. Everybody will think that your e words are mixed up because you heard something wrong, or something like that. In conclusion, honesty is the best policy. (That quote is by Benjamin Franklin. ) You wo nt be

Free Essays on Live Life

abruptly halts, with the frequent pauses and punctuation of the last stanza. The once graceful flow now resembles that of stop-and-go rush-hour traffic, tripping the reader up and forcing the tone of the poem to change. One must now reread the poem in order to understand why the author chooses to destroy such a brilliant and completely iambic poem, a feat not easily accomplished. Upon reading the poem again, it takes on a much slower, softer rhythm, creating a somber tone. A pause is discovered after each foot, forcing the reader to reflect on what was just read. No longer can one view the poem as... Free Essays on Live Life Free Essays on Live Life Live, Living Life At first glance, Emily Dickinson’s poem #470 seems to be written by a depressed and apathetic person. However, upon further examination, it is clear she is not depressed or apathetic. She is, in fact, enlightened and concerned. Emily Dickinson detests â€Å"accepted society.† She believes it is a void, which one cannot easily escape from, and she feels the need to enlighten her readers and give them ability and drive to break the chains of imprisonment. Dickinson’s consistent and constant use of the same forms of meter, tone, rhythm, and sound brilliantly creates a level of security and stability in the poem, which she destroys in an effort to emphasize the instability, chaos, and false security in â€Å"accepted society,† as well as point out her view of how to overcome these tribulations. Initially, the poem seems to be a call from a very depressed author who â€Å"guesses† she is alive and dreams of her own funeral. While reading the poem for the first time, one immediately falls into the rhythm and â€Å"flows† with the poem. The iambic meter, the meter and style of normal speech, is easy to read and not very taxing on the brain, lips, or eyes. This sets up a strong, secure base, which allows for quick reading of the poem, an error that Dickinson wants the reader to make. The swift flow of the words abruptly halts, with the frequent pauses and punctuation of the last stanza. The once graceful flow now resembles that of stop-and-go rush-hour traffic, tripping the reader up and forcing the tone of the poem to change. One must now reread the poem in order to understand why the author chooses to destroy such a brilliant and completely iambic poem, a feat not easily accomplished. Upon reading the poem again, it takes on a much slower, softer rhythm, creating a somber tone. A pause is discovered after each foot, forcing the reader to reflect on what was just read. No longer can one view the poem as...

Lydia Dustin Was Accused in the Salem Witch Trials

Lydia Dustin Was Accused in the Salem Witch Trials Lydia Dustin died in prison and is best known for being accused as a witch in the Salem witch trials of 1692. Dates: 1626? - March 10, 1693Also known as: Lidia Dastin Family, Background Not much is known of her other than connections to others also accused in the Salem witch trials. Mother of Sarah Dustin and Mary Colson, grandmother of Elizabeth Colson. More About Lydia Dustin Lydia, a resident of Reading (Redding), Massachusetts, was arrested on April 30 on the same day as George Burroughs, Susannah Martin, Dorcas Hoar, Sarah Morey, and Philip English. Lydia Dustin was examined on May 2 by magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne, on the same day that Sarah Morey, Susannah Martin, and Dorcas Hoar were examined. She was then sent to Bostons jail. Lydias unmarried daughter Sarah Dustin was the next in the family accused and arrested, followed by Lydias granddaughter, Elizabeth Colson, who eluded capture until after the third warrant was issued (sources differ on whether she was ever captured). Then Lydias daughter Mary Colson (Elizabeth Colsons mother), was also accused; she was examined but not indicted. Both Lydia and Sarah were found not guilty by the Superior Court of Judicature, Court of Assize and General Gaol Delivery in January or February 1693, after the initial trials had been suspended when criticized for their use of spectral evidence. However, they could not be released until they paid jail fees. Lydia Dustin died still in jail on March 10, 1693. She is thus usually included on lists of those who died as part of the Salem witchcraft accusations and trials.

Financial Management & Improving Automotive Industry Essay

Financial Management & Improving Automotive Industry - Essay Example For example, by using balance sheet they can tell the company’s financial position at a specific point in time as it shows the assets and liabilities of the company. Solidity, liquidity and rentability or reliability of the company can also be reflected from the balance sheet. Profitability or the return on assets is another aspect of the company that is measured by the financial statement like the balance sheet. Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity and asset management. If the solidity, liquidity, rentability or reliability and profitability ratios all look good, then the market value of the company is high. Cash is important for the operation of the company but at the same time variable due to several factors like the cash flow. Thus, there should be cash planning, cash management, and cash reserve involved in a company’s financial management. Cash flows can be from operative, investment or financing activities. Cash flow analysis is important for the company as this will provide clues about its financial position. Evaluation of investment projects will help the company to evaluate performances of each investment project and tell whether it will improve or not the financial position of the company. This will help financial managers to analyse ways of improving their financial performance. Capital budgeting is also about planning expenditures on assets whose cash flows are expected beyond one year. Just like in cash management, there is a need for strategic management and planning for the capital. The growth of the company and its ability to remain competitive and to survive will depend on how its finances are budgeted and managed. In any industry the need to develop the efficiency of production and of the working environment of the company is necessary to ensure that the organization is able to meet its needs. The automotive industry, the

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Law - Essay Example In order to determine whether or not the state has a right to use self-defence against a non-state actor under contemporary international law, the theory of jus ad bellum within the context of the UN Charter, Article 51 will have to examined. This paper will argue that the principle characteristics of the theory of jus ad bellum and Article 51, although design to control hostilities between states, can be interpreted to permit the use of military force in self-defence against non-state actors. The theory jus ad bellum is a evolved from Western cultures as a guide for reconciling â€Å"right with might† or â€Å"sollen with sein.†5 The primary objective of the doctrine of jus ad bellum was to cultivate a concept that military force was only justified in response to unprovoked aggression. Likewise, military force could be legitimately used for the purpose of restoring order or correcting a violated right. Military force could also be used legitimately for punitive reason.6 Taken together as a whole, the theory of jus ad bellum dictates generally that military force could legitimately be used for humanitarian intervention and for protection of sovereignty. After the Second World War, the United Nations was formed by virtue of the UN Charter which ultimately re-introduced and reconstructed the ambit of jus ad bellum.7 The primary purpose of the UN was to prevent war among the nations of the world.8 Following the 1990s Kosovo conflict International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty modified the UN Charter setting restraints for the exceptions to the UN’s policy on permissible military force between states under the auspices of jus ad bellum. Under the UN Charter the contemporary concept of just war of jus ad bellum dictates merely that war can no longer be justified on the grounds of humanitarian intervention, but for purposes of self defence.9 The UN Charter was implemented on October 24,

The Innocent Man Essay Example for Free

The Innocent Man Essay â€Å"The Innocent Man† apparently is the story of Ron Williamson, who spent 12 years on Oklahomas death row after having been convicted of a murder he did not commit; the book is more than Williamsons touching story. Co-defendant Dennis Fritz was wrongfully convicted of murder but sentenced to life in prison. Together with Williamson he was eventually vindicated by DNA evidence. Two other inmates, Karl Fontenot and Tommy Ward, whose cases were interconnected with Williamson and Fritz, remain imprisoned in Oklahoma serving life sentences regardless of substantial evidence of actual innocence. Ron Williamson, the lead character in the story was wrongfully convicted of Carters killing. Williamson is not the benevolent character. He appeared as a high school athlete in baseball and was chosen by the Oakland Athletics in the 1971 Major League draft. His professional baseball career never realized the promise displayed by his youthful potential, and he returned home to lead a life reduced by divorce, drugs, alcohol and small-time crime. Loaded by mental illness, his attitude added in many respects to his conviction. But the author’s portrayal makes perfectly apparent that Williamsons conduct in no way warranted the outrageous actions of law enforcement, prosecutors and judges. It is possibly one of the ironies of the law that while lawyers and judges botched Williamson, it would be others in those same professions who saved him only five days before he was calendared to be executed from imposition of his sentence of death. Lawyers from the Oklahoma death penalty assistance program and a courageous federal judge eventually held a new trial for Williamson. During the flow of the investigation and preparation for that trial, Williamson underwent DNA examinations that would prove his innocence. It was one of the first considerable DNA exonerations in American courts. â€Å"The Innocent Man† commences by unfolding the disappearance of Mr. Williamson’s and Mr. Fritz’s supposed victim from the parking lot of the nightclub where she worked. But she was later found dead at her home. By the time he has written 13 pages, the author has presented 22 witnesses, relatives, law officers and forensic experts, with many more to occur. If it takes a time for Ron Williamson to materialize, because it is clear in Mr. Grisham’s mind: Mr. Williamson had no direct relationship to the crime. The book illustrates the tortured process by which Mr. Williamson, with a reputation for being drunk, moody and troublesome, in the long run caught the interest of the police. The book offers much evidence of Mr. Williamson’s mental weakening. His behavior becomes violently inconsistent. His substance abuse intensifies. His habits turn progressively stranger. Meanwhile the author takes his extensive legal expertise to the job of being staggered by what he portrays as the law’s systematic breaking of Mr. Williamson’s rights and by the brutal handling of his suspicion. In the face of such blatant mistreatment of a suspect, the author has a difficult time keeping sarcasm at bay. Of the intense circumstances surrounding the death of Mr. Williamson’s mother, and that he was kept constrained even at her funeral, the author writes: â€Å"Such precautions were obviously needed for a felon who forged a $300 check. † Far worse than her son’s embarrassment is that Mr. Williamson’s mother died believing that she had ascertained to the police that her son was home watching videos with her on the night of Debbie Carter’s murder. Though her lawyer said he watched her make this testimonial to a police detective, a video camera evidently failed to register what she said. No evidence of it appeared in the legal proceedings that resulted. â€Å"The Innocent Man† is plural, despite its title because it is a story of four men, four average white guys from good families, all crushed up and abused by the system and locked away for a combined total of 33 years. This is a lot for a nonfiction narrative to deal with, and this book sometimes injures under the burden of so much harsh, frustrating data. Mr. Grisham’s information on the formation of an underground, completely daylight-deprived prison provides the most egregious hall of horrors in a book that is symbolically full of them. On occasion â€Å"The Innocent Man† provides a touchable souvenir of Mr. Grisham’s novels. Take Barney Ward, Mr. Williamson’s court-appointed lawyer, who appears as if he walked right out of the author’s fiction. This is Mr. Ward’s first death penalty case. He is a passionately colorful character. He is also blind; and just as the case revolves on forensic evidence that demands visual examination, his assistant leaves him in the motion. Mr. Ward’s relationship with Mr. Williamson is so touchy that Mr. Ward’s son is prepared to challenge the client physically should trouble take place. The author has an Olympian ability to launch thunderbolts. His book causes a plague of vipers upon the head of Bill Peterson, the Ada district attorney who managed both these investigations and is still in office. â€Å"The Innocent Man† forces readers to take an interested look at and ask some serious questions about a legal system that, in important criminal cases, seems to be malfunctioning in every corner of our nation. Reference: Grisham, J. (2006). The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town. 1st ed. New York: Doubleday Books.

Dame Ragnell and Alisons Tale :: Canterbury Tales Essays

Dame Ragnell and Alison's Tale In Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, the Wife of Bath (Alison) teaches her audience what it is women most desire through her tale. The tale she tells resembles the tale of Dame Ragnell. These stories are analogies, perhaps both arising from a similar folk-tale source. Both stories are set in the magical Arthurian times when the fields and forests teemed with gnomes and unearthly creatures. Although both stories have the same moral and end on similar note, there are some vivid differences that we simply cannot overlook. It is very possible that Alison's tale is a custom tailored version of the Dame Ragnell story. The knight in "The Wife of Bath's Tale" is portrayed as a selfish hedonist whose behavior is anything but courteous. It seems as if Alison twists the story of Dame Ragnell to suit her own selfish needs and makes the point that "men are scum" for her tale begins with a noble knight of king Arthur's court raping a maiden: And so bifel it that King Arthour Hadde in his hous a lusty bacheler That on a day cam riding fro river, And happed that, alone as he was born, He sawgh a maide walking him biforn; Of which maide anoon, maugree hir heed, By very force he rafte hir maidenheed; Norton, 888-894. As a result of the knight's behavior, the queen gives the knight an ultimatum. He now must find "what thing it is that wommen most desiren" within a twelve months time frame (Norton, 911). Alison does not depict the knight in the nicest light. I guess she is the one "painting the lion" in this case. Unlike "The Wife of Bath's Tale," the story of Dame Ragnell portrays Sir Gawain as an exemplary hero who is loyal to his King beyond belief. Sir Gawain promises to marry the loathsome Dame Ragnell in order to save the King's life and illustrates his devotion to the king by following up on his promise. When King Arthur gives Gawain the horrific description of the foulest maiden ever seen by men and poses the question to Gawain, Sir Gawain's reaction is the quintessence of loyalty: 'Gawen, I met today with the foulest lady That evere I sawe sertenly. She said to me my life she wold save†¦ But first she wold thee to husbond have. Wherfor I am wo begon- Thus in my hart I make my mone.

A Gender Gap In Math Achievement Education Essay

Is There a Gender Gap in Math Achievement and How Can We Explain It?For many old ages the position has been that there exists great difference between the academic public presentation of between work forces and adult females, and particularly within the countries of scientific discipline and mathematics. This gender disparity in instruction within the US has been studied extensively by legion bookmans who have tried to detect if so there are unconditioned capablenesss in both sexes that make them hold differences in public presentation in scientific discipline and mathematics. The claims reported by Spelke ( 2005 ) are that few adult females show the endowments required in the Fieldss of scientific discipline and mathematics, hence there are fewer adult females within these Fieldss. The other position is that the sex differences in these Fieldss are due to the familial base which makes adult females have a smaller intrinsic attitude towards scientific discipline and mathematics. One such survey was carried out by Lawrence Summers when he was at the Harvard University. In his survey he tried to detect if there were any unconditioned capablenesss in both sexes that determined how they performed in both their faculty member and professional Fieldss in scientific discipline and technology. Apart from this research there are a many more researches that have been carried out to mensurate by how much or if there is any biological differences between the sexes that make them execute different in mathematics and scientific discipline. This paper shall discourse the being of the gender differences that drives the differences in public presentation in scientific discipline and mathematics of work forces and adult females. It is critical to understand the grounds why the difference in gender has been attributed to the cause in the differences in public presentation in scientific discipline and mathematics. This paper shall look into these differences that cut across all age groups, from the school traveling to the college pupils. It has been proposed that the differences that are seen in both adult females and work forces in public presentation in scientific discipline and mathematics have been associated with the differences in gender. Despite the progresss in the modern western universe there still exist strong societal cultural influences on perceptual experiences of gender and gender functions. Work force and adult females have been made to specify themselves on the footing of the distinguishable psychological and behavioural sensitivities that are associated with the biological maps. Therefore this sensitivity will drive work forces and adult females to act different, execute different undertaking s and do different picks. It is the definition of the individual in footings of maleness and women's rightist that drives them to act ad think as they do. With such thought in head, it becomes progressively hard to hold uniformity in public presentation in work forces and adult females at work and in faculty members. Marini, ( 2010 ) showed that so the greatest influence of this difference is the societal and cultural fluctuations that contribute to the sex differences. In her research biological differences do to some extent affect the behaviour and functions of the sexes, but it is the societal facets that have the greatest part to these differences. The societal structural agreement has made adult females and work forces base their thought and cognitive abilities on biological differences ( Baker & A ; Jones, 2006 ) . This so means that we are normally under the influence of our societal and cultural assignments that define who we are and what we can or can non make. The American society has defined and stratified the functions of the gender. It is this assignment of functions by the society that influences the grade to which the sexes addition and command the resources they have. Often our society has been specifying functions and responsibilities of the sexes based on gender class, for this ground gender differences exist within this society. The society has a strong influence on how work forces and adult females perform in scientific discipline and mathematics because it defines what function, responsibility or assignment is to be fulfilled by each ( Marini, 2010 ) . The adult male in society is superior to the adult females and is assigned tougher functions and responsibilities ; he is seen as the supplier, defender, more bright and has higher rational facets than the adult females ( West & A ; Zimmerman, 2007 ) . It is this societal facet that has given the adult male a male advantage and accordingly expected him to execute better at scientific discipline and mathematics. For this ground the instructors will handle male childs and misss otherwise in scientific discipline and mathematics categories. The ground being such countries of academic survey have been held as hard and ambitious, and merely the work forces can accomplish such feasts ( Baker & A ; Jones, 2006 ) . The instructor will so do the male child feel they need to execute good in these countries and will give their attending and resources to them. On the other manus the instructor will give the miss the perceptual experience that it is non incorrect for them to neglect in the topics, because the instructor does no anticipate them to execute good in these topics. Such positions are still woven elaborately in society where the society and the household influence the type of calling and profession work forces and adult females would take. In Marini ( 2010 ) , adult females are frequently encouraged to take up academic classs and topics that would take them in fostering callings of nursing, instruction and secretarial. Such callings and professions were seen as befitting adult females and give adult females a opportunity to take attention of her household. Mean while the Fieldss of scientific discipline and engineering are left to the work forces, this is because they are perceived to hold the rational capableness to manage the complex mathematics and advanced thoughts behind the Fieldss. It is being noted that there is increased diminution in the differences in scientific discipline and mathematics callings and professions between the genders as we find more adult females within these Fieldss. Recent research workers have shown that while the construction within the these Fieldss have changed with more adult females being found at the helm of such countries, there is still gender stratification in the high school degree, this can be found within surveies like ( Leahey & A ; Guo, 2001 ; Entwisle, Karl & A ; Olson, 2004 ; Spelke, 2005 ; Gallagher & A ; Kaufman, 2005 ; Baker & A ; Jones, 2006 ) . This difference in gender public presentation has been attributed to the perceptual experience that male childs and misss receive different attendings from their instructors in mathematics categories. This has created the gender spread within the academic Fieldss in America that have driven the differences in public presentation in scientific discipline and mathematics. The survey by Leahey and Guo ( 2001 ) tried to demo the extent of the gender differences in mathematics and particularly the different countries like geometry and logical thinking. It has been found that there is a male advantage for those pupils traveling to college within the field of mathematics. In their research they showed that males have a higher public presentation in mathematics in the high school degree and particularly in the college entryway test. The ground why this has been tested is because the high school mathematics has been the key to the pick in faculty members in the college degree and accordingly affects subsequently pick in profession. The ground why the American society has seen important differences in occupational segregation and gender socialisation in the populace sector is due to the gender differences in mathematics public presentation. In Leahey and Guo ( 2001 ) we find that this occupational segregation begins in high school mathematics where the scholastic aptitude trial ( SAT ) mathematics is performed better by male than the female. This is the same for the American College Test ( ACT ) mathematics subdivision that is performed better by the male. The same position is held by Entwisle, Karl and Olson ( 2004 ) , who have argued that the being of this disparity has been the cause of the differences within the callings and professional Fieldss. In their analysis it is the differences in the experiences of the male and female that is a beginning of the difference in public presentation in mathematics. The thought is that due to the school environment, male childs and misss will execute otherwise in these topics. They tried to demo this difference existed based on a comparing on simple as compared to the high school experience. In their survey they discovered that the experiences the male childs and misss had while in school affected their public presentation in mathematics. This experience was driven by the school environment where the instructors, disposal, parents and other pupils determine the public presentation in scientific discipline and mathematics. The pupils have been seen to be under the influence of their parents on the pick of topics, calling and accordingly public presentation. A parent who teaches their kids that they failed in scientific discipline and mathematics and hence does non anticipate the kids to make any better is a factor. Teachers who besides have biased positions towards misss and scientific discipline and mathematics besides drive down the public presentation of such misss. In the school state of affairs equal force per unit area is besides a major driver of public presentation in scientific discipline and mathematics. Entwisle, Karl and Olson ( 2004 ) merely showed that there were experiences from the school and vicinity resources that affected the development of mathematical accomplishments in the pupils. In their survey they revealed that there were contextual facets in the environment that affected the mathematical accomplishments in the male childs more than those in the misss. Male childs are able to react more to the resources in the vicinity than misss can, I the procedure they develop different accomplishments than the misss. Such accomplishments obtained from their milieus have been associated with the mathematical competence of male childs. The ground being that boys spend more of their clip in the vicinity than misss ; hence they are able to pull experience from their milieus than misss. This is because the society limits the geographic expedition capablenesss in misss while it encourages male childs to research more. This is the same position that is held by West & A ; Zimmerman, ( 2007 ) that shows that the Sociocultural facets influences male childs to research their environment more so the misss. Male childs are given the freedom to research and play around the vicinity, while misss were encouraged to remain at place. It is this geographic expedition that helps boys to develop better spatial and numerical abilities that see them execute better in mathematics. The experience within the vicinity and their milieus assist them farther develop their spacial accomplishments more than misss. Spatial accomplishments can merely develop if one is able to pattern them frequently, where the best country to make so is in the field. This difference in accomplishments is besides explained by Leahey and Guo ( 2001 ) , who showed that both misss and male childs have different mathematical accomplishments. Males have an advantage over misss in certain mathematical countries like their ability to quantitatively ground and do usage of spacial visual image abilities ( Gallagher & A ; Kaufman, 2005 ) . This same spacial accomplishments and concluding capablenesss are obtained by the male childs from their environment in which they are allowed to play in. since the misss do non hold the same equal playing field their logical thinking and spacial accomplishments are non good developed like those of the male childs. The same explains why males have better mathematical logical thinking and geometry accomplishments than misss. Leahey and Guo ( 2001 ) besides supported Entwisle, Karl and Olsonaa‚Â ¬a„?s ( 2004 ) theory with the determination that it is at the simple degree that these accomplishments are developed . The conducive factor is the socialisation procedure that the misss and male childs go through as they develop and learn at the simple age. Apart from socialisation the differences in mathematics public presentation has besides been associated with the cognitive differences in males and females. It has been argued that it is these cognitive differences that have enabled work forces to execute better at mathematics than adult females. Spelke ( 2005 ) associated this knowledge to the ability for work forces from the beginning to concentrate on objects that make them able to larn mechanical systems. As was seen by other surveies, Spelke ( 2005 ) besides supports that the spacial, concluding and numerical differences in work forces give them the ability to manage mathematical jobs. This is the 2nd factor that affects the cognitive differences between work forces and adult females. Another decisive factor is the variableness of the knowledge of males that give them that border needed in mathematics. It has been propose that the ground males perform better in mathematics is due to the sensitivity for them to larn about objects and the mechanical interactions in them from an early age. This sensitivity tends to do the adult females to switch towards larning about people and their emotional interactions. This interaction is seen more in ulterior life at the ages of school traveling kids instead than in babies ( Spelke, 2005 ) . This can be attributed to the socialisation of the kid that will do them levitate towards their gender assigned drama playthings and play subjects. Spelke ( 2005 ) proved that when speech production of the difference in knowledge there is no pronounced differences between babies. These disparities can be explained by the factors that are at drama when male childs and misss are developing. It is a complex state of affairs if knowledge is to be associated with the differences in mathematical public presentation of male childs and misss ( Gallagher & A ; Kaufman, 2005 ) . Given the same experience misss and male childs will get the same accomplishments and cognition in mathematics, demoing that knowledge and biological temperament has nil to make with the differences. This can merely be explained by Williams, Birke and Bendelow ( 2003 ) where the factors at drama are the implicit in interplay of biological capablenesss and environmental influences. This interplay of factors is the determiner of how the cognitive and accomplishments abilities in mathematics of work forces and adult females develop and accordingly differ. It is the society that has the greatest impact on the differences between male childs and misss public presentation in mathematics. The socialisation interactions of both male childs and misss are the ground why their cognitive abilities develop different signifier each other. Towards this terminal, Williams, Birke and Bendelow ( 2003 ) supports old surveies that have shown that the socialisation procedure is the predominate determiner of the differences in public presentation in mathematic. They have shown that there exist different interventions for both male childs and misss in our society from the place, school and workplace. In the procedure our gender is under the influence of civilization, where gender functions and responsibilities are defined by the same civilization. The position is that it is the societal statements that fuel scientific positions that so there are gender disparities in spacial and cognitive abilities of the sexes. Harmonizing to West and Zimmerman ( 2007 ) , it is the facet of work forces and adult females making gender functions and seeking to carry through gender that gives the differences in accomplishment in mathematics. The facet of seeking to be gender gives the work forces and adult females the ability to develop competences and recognize productivity that is based on the societal restraints. The societal construction thrusts worlds to hold a perceptual experience, interactions, and accomplishments that are based on societal complexnesss. This societal facet influences the unconscious determination by may adult females to go forth scientific discipline and mathematics callings and take up other Fieldss. Such societal complexnesss define how adult females and work forces perceive themselves in footings of their calling and professional development. The outlook of those who engage stop up in the Fieldss of scientific discipline and mathematics is that they have to set in more hours in the office, where they have to hold flexible agendas that can react to the eventualities of their occupations. Within his model, the callings in scientific discipline and mathematics will drive them to demo a continued attempt in their life rhythm, where the head is invariably working on jobs during and after working hours ( Summers, 2005 ) . The image promoted is that such callings drive work forces and adult females to demo a high degree of committedness to the work. For this ground, many work forces are ready to give this committedness with fewer adult females preferring to take up callings that can give them clip for the household. With such a perceptual experience in topographic point many misss wil l pay less attending to mathematics as compared to the male childs, giving the differences in public presentation ( Summers, 2005 ) . This societal perceptual experience of what one should anticipate if they follow a certain field has been one of the drive forces behind the differences in public presentation of work forces and adult females. Work force from an early age are expected to carry through their masculine functions as the suppliers and defenders. For this ground, the inclination is that work forces will take up callings and professions that can reflect this. Like was seen in West & A ; Zimmerman ( 2001 ) and Marini ( 2010 ) . These pigeonholing functions are still present in modern America and have been described extensively by Summers ( 2005 ) as the cause of the pick of callings by adult females. Such gender stereotyping besides influences how work forces and adult females perform in mathematics and scientific discipline. With a deficiency of involvement in scientific discipline and mathematics as a calling for the adult females, many will non set much attempt in these academic countries. Their involvem ent will be in the societal, linguistic communication and art faculty members where they excel and seek to hardly acquire a base on balls in the scientific discipline and mathematics countries. Often the society will wonder and inquire at adult females who excels in these Fieldss, with remarks to the consequence that she is tough being directed to her. It is the gender societal concepts that have shaped the perceptual experience of misss of scientific discipline and mathematics and have influenced their public presentation in these countries. As we develop our perceptual experience of gender is shaped by the society that defines who we are, what we can make. Therefore the differences in public presentation in male childs and misss mathematics and scientific discipline are under the influence of the societal cultural factors. These have in consequence created an environment where capablenesss and abilities are limited by the socially assigned gender functions.

Management of the Cash Position Essay

Not only do these managers often have difficulty in comprehending sophisticated forecasting techniques, but the cash flows of their companies are usually dependent upon fewer customers and a smaller number of product lines than those of their larger competitors. Thus the cash flow pattern of the small firm is typically too unstable over time and the available data describing it too limited for reliable forecasting. The small business is subject to still other constraints, apart from those applicable to all firms, which tend to restrict the use of even relatively simple cash management techniques. Small firms, for example, are normally unable to afford the division of talent available to larger companies in the form of highly educated financial managers. Many small firms, struggling hard just to remain solvent and earn a fair return, suffer further from lack of recognition that a cash management problem even exists. Once a problem is discovered the manager may lack knowledge of the methods available for a viable solution. A solution which requires more manpower or expenditures than can be covered out of normal cash flow is Dr. Grablowsky is assistant professor and rhairman of the Department of Finance at Oid Dominion University. He has published articles in the JSBM, the Journal of Financial Education, and the Journal of Behavioral Economics. Prior to his entry into education. Dr. Grablowsky was with the Department of Cost, Planning, Systems, and Analysis at the Monsanto Co., World Head, quarters, St. Louis.  typically rejected by the small business.’ This article will present the results of a survey of small-business cashmanagement practices and compare these methods with techniques commonly employed by larger corporations. Small businesses are defined in this study as firms with annual sales under $5 million.’ Data for this study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire distributed to two hundred firms selected randomly, within the various business classifications, from classified advertisements appearing in the telephone directories of the Greater Norfolk-Portsmouth SMSA and the  Hampton-Newport News SMSA. The firms were selected in five different distribution levels, with annual sales varying from under $50,000 up to $5 million. The firms in the survey operated at from one to thirteen locations and employed up to three hundred persons, although more than half had fewer than ten employees. Of the two hundred businesses selected for study, 66, or 30 percent, responded. A breakdown of the respondent firms by industry and size is given in Table 1. The Cash Budget It was hypothesized that few of the firms with sales under a million dollars would prepare cash budgets; in fact, only 30 percent of all firms in the sample did so. Several interesting relationships were noted in this regard. One was that the newer firms 1 For an example of this situation see B. J. Grablowsky, â€Å"Management of Accounts Receivable by Small Businesses,† Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, October, 1976, pp. 26-27. 5 According to E. Donaldson, J. Pfahl, and P. MuUins, Corporate Finance (New York: The Ronald Press Co., 1975), pp. 22-23, this would include, based on average sales per company, over 86 percent of all firms in the U,S. budgets, the larger ones updated their budgets more frequently than the others. One of the reasons for the more frequent update was that none of the largest firms made more than a thirtyday cash forecast while the smaller ones normally made budgets for up to a year. This last finding is in agreement with the results of other studies showing that few firms with  sales under $3 million make sales forecasts, whereas virtually all firms with sales over $10 million prepare one or more projections for various planning periods.’ As the firm grows, cash budgeting becomes more essential.† Of the firms that prepared cash budgets, an annual planning period was the most common, although some also used weekly, monthly and quarterly budgets. No company made a cash budget for more than one year. The frequency of updating the budgets was well distributed over weekly, semimonthly, monthly, quarterly, and annual intervals. Another question asked whether or not the firm’s cash balances were being handled in the most effective and efficient manner. Of the 67 firms sampled, forty-eight replied that they felt they were efficiently utilizing their cash balances, but, of these, only eleven regularly prepared cash budgets. The assumption by the 37 firms that did not prepare cash budgets that they were efficient in the use of their cash balances is certainly made in ignorance. Conversely, of the remaining 56 firms that did not preoare cash budgets twenty-three replied, and probably rightly so, that they were not using their cash balances in the most 3 See Orgler. Cash Management, pp. 4-13, for a discusFion of factors affecting the time horizon for cash budgets. A’so see: Keith Smith. Management of Working Capital (St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., 1974), pp. 35-49, for a survey of the practices of large businesses. < Soldofsky and Olive, Financial Management, p. 559. were more likely to prepa re budgets than their longer-established competitors. A possible explanation lies in the higher educational attainments of the owner-managers of the newer firms. This characteristic, together with the attitudes of the owners toward budgeting, is believed to be a major determinant of the efficiency with which financial planning is handled in the small firm. The d^ta also showed that, somewhat contrary to expectations, in the size categories which included the largest and the smallest firms (i.e., those with less than $50,000 and those with between $1  million and $5 million in sales) a smaller percentage prepared cash budgets than in the other groups. This result was expected for the smallest firms but quite unexpected for large ones. On the other hand, of the firms that prepared cash  effective manner. This realization alone should have provided impetus to the managements concerned to investigate the need and advantages for cash budgeting—yet they still failed to prepare the budgets which could have improved their cash flow performance. The managers of these firms recognized that they had a problem—the need for more efficient cash management—yet they failed to take the proper steps to solve it. These same firms tended to take fewer of their allowed trade discounts than others, suggesting that because they did not forecast cash flows they found it necessary to resort to expensive sources of financing such as foregoing discounts. Cash Collection  actions that they could take themselves. Although only about half of the respondents had even heard of lock boxes or concentration banking, more than one-third did use one or both of these methods for reducing float time. Generally, the respondents reasoned that they could not justify expending the time and money required to reduce float, because such action would not (in their opinion) materially improve the cash position or the profits of the firm. As with many other decisions confronting small businesses, this one was usually made with inadequate information or investigation. The principal reason, again, was the lack of human resources and expertise available to the small firm. Wholesalers, because of the regional or national nature of their sales, were the most frequent users of these techniques. Businesses with a local sales orientation, such as service establishments and retail stores, were much less likely to use any method to improve cash collections.

Ghost Soldiers Hampton Sides essays

Ghost Soldiers Hampton Sides essays When Japan first attacked Pearl Harbor, exactly 60 ago, little was known about the Imperial Army. Their mentality seemed almost non-human. Even while General MacArthur was attempting to maintain America's ground in the Philippines this was so. Eventually, this lead to the surrender of the American army, the Batan death march, and imprisonment at Cabanatuan POW camp. These POWs were in fact elite soldiers of the sixth army. As the author of Ghost Soldiers, Hampton Sides, put it: They were the forgotten, an elite of the damned. The book begins with a long prologue describing the Palawan massacre at Puerto Princesa Prison Camp from the point of view of one of few survivors, Eugene Nielson. In fact, the majority of this book is described by World War II veterans who were either POWs or their rescuers. In the prologue, Nielson tells with little detail of how the Japanese imperial army managed to burn alive over 100 of his comrades and by which methods he and only 10 others managed to survive and swim to safety. Once in safety and within American lines, Neilson tells his story to high ranking officials in the army. This testimony brings the officers to a realization that the Japanese are inhumanly cruel to the POWs and the forgotten soldiers of Cabanatuan must be rescued. In addition General Mucci, in charge of the operation, is introduced along with his own man Captain Prince. After the prologue, the story begins introducing the first of the prisoners, Dr. Ralph Hibbs, a medic in the army who was stationed in Batan. In this chapter, the loosing battle between the American army and the Imperial army is described finally leading up to American surrender. At the beginning this seemed wonderful, the men were tired of fighting and low on supplies. The surrender seemed even promising since the Japanese were know for their good hospitality. Tommie Thomas, one of the POWs even tells the story of his surrender to general Homma...

Exclusion Restrictions in Instrumental Variables

Exclusion Restrictions in Instrumental Variables In many fields of study, including statistics and economics, researchers rely on valid exclusion restrictions when they are estimating outcomes using either instrumental variables (IV) or exogenous variables. Such calculations are often used to analyze the causal effect of a binary treatment. Variables and Exclusion Restrictions Loosely defined, an exclusion restriction is considered valid so long as the independent variables do not directly affect the dependent variables in an equation. For example, researchers rely on randomization of the sample population in order to ensure comparability across the treatment and control groups. At times, however, randomization is not possible. This may for any number of reasons, such as lack of access to suitable populations or budgetary restrictions. In such cases, the best practice or strategy is to rely on an instrumental variable. Simply put, the method of using instrumental variables is utilized to estimate causal relationships when a controlled experiment or study is simply not feasible. Thats where valid exclusion restrictions come into play.   When researchers employ instrumental variables, they rely on two primary assumptions. The first is that the excluded instruments are distributed independently of the error process. The other is that the excluded instruments are sufficiently correlated with the included endogenous regressors. As such, the specification of an IV model states that the excluded instruments affect the independent variable only indirectly.   As a result, exclusion restrictions are considered observed variables that impact treatment assignment, but not the outcome of interest conditional on treatment assignment. If, on the other hand, an excluded instrument is shown to exert both direct and indirect influences on the dependent variable, the exclusion restriction should be rejected. The Importance of Exclusion Restrictions In simultaneous equation systems or a system of equations, exclusion restrictions are critical. The simultaneous equation system is a finite set of equations in which certain assumptions are made. Despite its importance to the solution of the system of equations, the validity of an exclusion restriction cannot be tested as the condition involves an unobservable residual. Exclusion restrictions are often imposed intuitively by the researcher who must then convince of the plausibility of those assumptions, meaning that the audience must believe the researcher’s theoretical arguments that support the exclusion restriction. The concept of exclusion restrictions denotes that some of the exogenous variables are not in some of the equations. Often this idea is expressed by saying the coefficient next to that exogenous variable is zero. This explanation may make this restriction (​hypothesis) testable and may make a simultaneous equation system identified. Sources Schmidheiny, Kurt. Short Guides to Microeconometrics: Instrumental Variables.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Schmidheiny.name. Fall 2016.University of Manitoba Rady Faculty of Health Sciences staff. Introduction to Instrumental Variables. UManitoba.ca.

HRD, Learning Theory Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRD, Learning Theory - Research Paper Example In the work of Mason & Reynolds (2002), Thorndike’s works can be indicted to have had its history on the need by man to have animals learn from taught behaviors. This correlates with trial and error learning that indicates that animals learn through trial and errors. Tomlinson, (1997) indicates that animals will skillfully learn through repeating behaviors that will lead to rewarding and avoid ones that lead to punishment. As a lecturer and psychologist at Columbia University, where he researched on psychology of animal knowledge and educational psychology, Thorndike’s learning theory focuses on the role of the environment in the formation of responses in the course of learning and training (Happy, 2012). If a desired behavior is evident, then learning can be indicated to have occurred. Thorndike defines learning as an interaction between various stimulus and responses in an environment (Tomlinson, 1997). In the classroom setting, the educator is able to impact change in the learners by providing them with a token of appreciation each time they give the correct answer in a test. The educator may set a limit that would check for the achievers of that target. This will reinforce the learners towards working to a specific goal so as to attain the price. In the event of continuous and consistent rewarding, the learners end up cooperating in the learning process by all means so as to attain the set target. Happy (2012) refers the reward as stimulus which stimulates learning activities such as feeling towards the subject taught, thoughts of succession and capturing sense of need to acquire something new in the learning environment. Of essence, one would argue that the extent of the connection between the responses determines the extent in which the reaction will have a long-term effect on the objects. Thorndike is also of the opinion that through constant exercise, it is probable that the connection

List and explain the three step risk analysis process and list Personal Statement

List and explain the three step risk analysis process and list resources - Personal Statement Example At any rate, it is always better to be prepared for any eventuality although admittedly, it is virtually impossible to prepare adequately for anything and everything. However, having good plans in place is better than having no plan at all that can deal with a contingency whenever it so happens. The most crucial part of security planning and loss prevention is critical thinking. This is the ability to think and ask the tough questions other people may hesitate to ask. Further, it is a way to get out of the box-mindset and adopt a different attitude from the business as usual. In his book, author Philip P. Purpura postulates critical thinking as the cognitive ability of analysis, the interpretation, the explanation and the evaluation of ones own reasoning, to even include ability to question ones conclusions and judgment in a continuous process of assessment (2008, p. 4). In this regard, there is a highly-recommended three-step risk analysis process that is to be followed in order to have a good grasp of the security situation. It is the rational and orderly way of identifying a problem, determining its probability of occurring and finding solutions. The objective of this process is to also estimate the loss in case of an adverse event happening. This 3 step process is discussed in much greater detail in the next page. Conducting a loss prevention survey – this first step takes into consideration all possible threats, hazards, vulnerabilities and weaknesses that can threaten security and survival. Purpose of this activity is to assess probable adverse events based on certain conditions such as weather, geography, fire protection systems, pending litigation, proximate presence of nearby hazardous materials (nuclear, chemical, biological, etc.) and all other identifiable threats to include social, political and economic conditions. The survey is actually a questionnaire in the form of checklist to make sure everything is covered during the

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Media - Essay Example Winchell became a national institution in the 1920s, with a daily column and a weekly radio broadcast. These Medias helped him to reach million of Americans. "the way to become famous fast is to throw a brick at someone who is famous" claimed Winchell. Ironically, this statement perfectly matches the character. Winchell spent his entire career gossiping on the lives of Broadway and Hollywood stars. Nevertheless, Winchell can not be summed up only as a gossip journalist. He was the first one to attack Hitler and American pro-fascists and pro-Nazis during the Second World War. In that point of view, Winchell remains an example as - even nowadays - journalists do not usually take sides for or against one movement. Naturally, they express an opinion, opinion which can be seen as expressing a unbiased vision, but Winchell did more than that. He was the first journalist to shout what others whispered. In that prospect, Winchell is one of a kind and until now, no other journalists can be co mpared to him in his manner and his style. On the other, the fact that Winchell took sides and was publicly involved in politics may have caused his decline. In the 1950s ha supported Senator Joseph McCarthy during his hunt of the communists in institutions, politics, and entertainment. Winchell's decline started with McCarthy failure and unpopularity. In the 1960s Winchell's home paper, the New York Daily Mirror closed, he was left jobless and the public began to forget about him. It seems like his popularity faded like a Hollywood star who would have shot a series of bad movies, insisted that they were master pieces and kept doing all the inappropriate moves to be noticed. However, it is difficult to say that Winchell is unique, as he created a new movement in journalism. Today, there are a lot of journalists who are doing what Winchell did in that time. But, the fact is that Winchell exposing private lives of Broadway and Hollywood stars can not be seen today as something extraordinary as the press is filled with that type of journalists. Some channels are entirely dedicated to gossip - we could only give the example of E! Entertainment television to name only one. In a way, the press is full of Walter Winchell but nobody can ever be like him. As if journalists have learned from Winchell's errors and decided to remain journalists and not to be part of the political scene or any whatsoever. Are they making a mistake The history of Walter Winchell is not only filled with outrageous scandals. He was also a subtle journalist making inside "gossips". For instance, his long time ghost writer Herman Klurfeld recalls an item from the 1930s about Joe Kennedy.: "I had learned that one of his mistresses was a gangster's widow. Now, we never linked a married man with another woman. What I wrote was 'one of FDR's aides has (a gangster's) widow as his keptive.' K-E-P-T-I-V-E -- that's all. The only one who knew who we were referring to was Joe Kennedy." Naturally, he was not this tender with all the artists. One of today's best-read gossip columnist Liz Smith remembers that once Winchell reported that Bette Davis had cancer of the jaw, some press agent said "Well, I don't know whether she has it or not, but if she doesn't have it, she'd better get it!". This was exactly the kind of reaction that Winchell expected while writing or animating his show on the radio. Finally, one

Visitors Experience On Their Visit To Jantar Mantar Tourism Essay

Visitors Experience On Their Visit To Jantar Mantar Tourism Essay Aim: To understand how destinations are presented to visitors for them to be able to have an experience. This research paper seeks to find out about the experience build of visitors on their visit to a monument, in this case, Jantar Mantar. Jantar Mantar is a place of great historical, astronomical, and astrological value and is in existence since 1724. It is an Observatory built by Jaipurs Maharaja Jai Singh Sawai II on the order of the Mughal Emperor, Muhammad Shah to develop a medium to record and compile all the astronomical data and future predictions of time, related to study of the movements of sun, moon, and other planetary bodies. Four more observatories were built by the same Maharaja in other parts of India. The observatory in Delhi was the first observatory built by him. Aim of the Project is to explore number of related questions, including: 1. What are visitors reactions on their visit to Jantar Mantar? 2. How have other tourist places been developed for improving the experience of visitors? These questions were explored through literature review, contextual study, interviews and questionnaires and observations. The paper concludes by analyzing the findings from the data collected and coming up with recommendations for Jantar Mantar Authority (Archeological Survey of India) to consider some changes in the way they present themselves to their audience, i.e., to the visitors. 198 WORDS Research Questions and Data Collection Method Contextual study and literature study Introduction: Jantar Mantar also known as Yantra Mantra which means calculation instrument in Delhi is the place to observe the movements of the Sun, stars and other planetary bodies. Its an astronomical, astrological observatory, a sun dial. It is a monument which has great astronomical and astrological values attached to it. Build: In 1724 by Jaipurs Maharaja, Jai Singh Sawai II, on the order of Mughal King, Muhammad Shah. Later king build four other observatories in India, in Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura and Varanasi. Location: It is situated in the Parliament Street near the Connaught Place. Admission fee: INR 5 for Indians and INR 100 for the Foreigners. Admission timing: Open from sunrise to sunset. How to reach: Rickshaws, taxis, bus, metro can help you reach this place in time. Nearest railway station: Delhi Railway Station. Nearest metro station: Connaught Metro Station. Reason for its building: To revise the astronomical tables. The monument was built as the significance of a Sun Dial, and to record the astronomical data and future predictions of time, the purpose was to study of the movements of sun, moon, and other planetary bodies. What is an Observatory? A room or building housing an astronomical telescope or other scientific equipment for the study of natural phenomena. Http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_gb0571970#m_en_gb0571970 Oldest Observatories in the world: Chinese archaeologists claim that they have found the worlds oldest observatory, dating back to some 4,100 years ago, in North Chinas, Taosi, Shanxi Province. He Nu, a researcher from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the observatory was not only used for observing astronomical phenomena but also for sacrificial rites. Other discovered sites that fall under the category of the worlds oldest astronomical observatory, includes one in Goseck, Germany, that was constructed around 7,000 years ago, it is called a sun temple and other is the German Stonehenge with construction beginning around 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. Standing Stones of Callanish in Scotland, are older than Stone henge, being constructed around 2900-2600 BC. In Egypt Nabta Playa, are around 6,000 to 8,000 years old. One of the oldest known sites in the world is Gobekli Tepe, Turkey which is around 11,000-year-old ruins at Gobekli Tepe. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-10/31/content_488952.htm Some observatories build during 1700s:  · 1724: Indian observatory of Sawai Jai Singh at Delhi  · 1725: St. Petersburg observatory at Royal Academy  · 1732: Indian observatories at Varanasi, Ujjain, Mathura.  · 1734: Indian observatory of Sawai Jai Singh at Jaipur  · 1758: John Dollond reinvents the achromatic lens  · 1780: Florence Specola observatory Instruments which comprises of Jantar Mantar: The Samrat Yantra : As the name says Samrat which means Supreme. The name completely justifies the instrument because it is in the shape of a giant triangle which represents a sun-dial. Measuring 70 feet in height, 114 feet in length and 10 feet thick which depicts the hours, the minutes and seconds of the day. Its hypotenuse is parallel to the axis of the Earth. It is used to depict Delhis local time. The Jai Prakash Yantra: The shape of an instrument is a hollow hemisphere of concave surface with markings on them. One is treated as Northern hemisphere and other as Southern hemisphere and this one is used by Astrologers to make humans horoscopes. The Ram Yantra: The shape of the instrument is very interesting in itself, it has windows and the edge of windows have marking inscribed on them, and with the help of those marking the observers can find position of sun and moon. The role of this instrument was to track the eclipse and full moon There are two Ram Yantras one to track the moon and other to track the Sun. The Mishra Yantra: Since the name is Mishra, which means combination, this instrument is used to depict the time of noon of various cities across the globe and Delhis local time. It is the only instrument which was not constructed by Maharaja Jai Singh Sawai II. Ancient Indias contributions in the field of astronomy: The earliest references to astronomy are found in the Rig Veda, which are dated 2000 BC. Astronomical principles were used to explain matters which are related to astrology, like making of a horoscope. Besides from linking astronomy with astrology in ancient India, astronomy continued to develop independently, and resulted into original findings, like:  · The calculation of eclipse occurrence.  · Earths circumference.  · Theory of gravitation.  · Proving that sun is a star.  · Finding number of planets under our solar system. Experience Design: No mans knowledge can go beyond his experience. John Locke Great experiences dont happen by accident. They are the result of deep thought and deliberation. Bill Buxton Experience design is the practice of designing services, events, and environments with a focus placed on the quality of the user experience by providing a relevant solutions. Experience design draws from many other disciplines psychology, linguistics, architecture, environmental design, hazard analysis, product design, theater, information design, ethnography, brand strategy, interaction design, service design, storytelling, and design thinking. Touch points are created between people and the place on the basis of ideas, emotions, and memories. Ronald Jones, describes the practice as working with disciplines, which is an integration between concepts, methods, and theories. According to Jones, the mission of Experience Design is to persuade, stimulate, inform, envision, entertain, and forecast events, influencing meaning and modifying human behavior. Experience designers create experiences that brings change in behavior amongst clients, users, visitors, audiences. Study of how other tourist places have been developed for improving the visitors experience: Eiffel tower, Taj Mahal, Pyramid of Egypt, Great Wall of China provides incredibly powerful image for their respective destinations. These destination works to build an experience for the visitors. Lubbe Berendien,page 154, part5 Tourism management in Southern Africa EIFFEL TOWER Introduction:The Eiffel Tower is located on the bank of the Seine River which is northwestern of the Champ de Mars, Paris. It was build to celebrate 100th anniversary of French revolution. It was built as an entrance arch for an international exposition held in Paris in 1889. After the exposition closed everything was dismantled, the tower remained, to help recover the costs of its construction. It was supposed to be dismantled after 20 years, in 1909, but by then it being useful as a radio transmission tower was discovered by the military. Http://www.chowhill.co.nz/library-studentawards02.html Build by: The engineering firm of Alexander Gustave Eiffel. Height: Till May 28, 1930, Eiffel Tower was the tallest structure till Chrysler building in New York City, United States. Http://www.atkielski.com/main/EiffelTowerFAQ.html Reaction of people in 1800s for Eiffel Tower: It was treated as an eye sore. Parisian novelist Guy de Maupassant used to dine very frequently in Eiffels restaurant because thats the only place where he could not see the tower. He wasnt alone in not liking the structure. If it hadnt proven so useful for radio communications it would have been dismantled in 1909, at the end of the lease period. Present scenario: Paris tops ranking in global city image study. GfK roper public affairs media and simon anholt Roper (worlds fourth largest market research company) release 2009 City Brands Index, which captures consumer perception of the image and reputation of 50 major cities worldwide. The Eiffel Tower is the most visited paid monument in the world and it is one of the most recognized structures on earth. In 2009, Paris topped the GfK anholt city brands index and the Eiffel tower is visually a big part of that brand. http://www.gfkamerica.com/newsroom/press_releases/single_sites/004195/index.en.html Eiffel Tower from inside: The structure has three platforms, to reach to different elevations either stairs or elevators can be taken, in which stairs are only allowed till 2nd elevation, to go to the summit elevator is a compulsion. Counting from the ground, there are 347 steps to the first level, 674 steps tothe second level, and 1710 steps to the third level. While climbing up one can read the small boards explaining about the history of Eiffel tower. Http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/uk/pratique/acces/page/tarifs.html Facilities for visitors: Level 1: This is the largest platform, with room for a cafe, post office with special Eiffel Tower stamp and small museum called Cineiffel showing a short film about the history of the Eiffel Tower and, Souvenir shop. Other attractions on this level include the grand historical staircase, the one Gustave himself used to climb to his office on the top. http://www.suite101.com/content/eiffel-tower-a-visitors-guide-a114907 http://www.french-at-a-touch.com/Newsletters_and_Articles/facts_about_the_eiffel_tower_vi.htm Level 2: One can experience viewing Paris with telescope, souvenir shops, animated displays on the operation of the elevators, restaurant. Http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Paris/Monuments-Paris/Eiffel.shtml Level 3: Office of Gustave Eiffel. Scale model presenting the history of the platform. It is here one will be able to see that the tower is of communication and transmission importance as it has dozens of antennas of radio and television. There is a table while indicates the Parisian landmarks and distance of Eiffel tower from other places in the world. http://www.hotelsorbonne.com/fiche/eiffeltower.html http://www.ukstudentlife.com/Travel/Tours/Paris/EiffelTower.htm Engraved names: The names of 72 French scientists, engineers and famous individuals were graved by Gustave Eiffel, under the first balcony, with 18 names on each side. This has been done to pay tribute. Commemorate the French presidency: In mid-2008, the tower was lit from the outside in blue. Visitors Comments, suggestions, tips and their experience Pariss Image:  · Place to fall in love with.  · For the ultimate romantic feeling, theres no need to travel across the globe. Words from Eiffel tower manager: Melissa Drumheller::  · At nighttime, its very romantic, and Eiffel Tower is a popular romantic destination.  · During the day, you get a view of all these mountains which is a phenomenal view. Suggestion by visitors: 1. Visit at Night: It is agreed that Eiffel Tower is magical at night, going up to different elevations ad observing streets of Paris is a visual delight, and makes you realize why Paris is called City of light. http://www.france4families.com/paris/RegionsParisAttractionsEiffelTower.htm 2. Tour to mechanical room: Visitors interested in mechanics can have a look of how Eiffel tower works. Original machineries are placed with current Eiffel tower control room, and the visitors can learn about the construction of the tower. Http://www.parisescapes.com/paris_eiffel_tower_tips.html Http://www.french-at-a-touch.com/Newsletters_and_Articles/facts_about_the_eiffel_tower_x.htm 3. Send a Postcard: On the First floor of the tower is a post office. Send postcard with Eiffel Tower postmark to make the trip memorable. Http://www.ukstudentlife.com/Travel/Tours/Paris/EiffelTower.htm 4. Souvenirs: Around Eiffel tower one can find many vendors selling the Eiffel tower souvenirs, interested people can buy. 5. Visit to the website: visit to the Eiffel tower websites news page, it lists current events taking place on the tower. Http://www.parisescapes.com/paris_eiffel_tower_tips_page2.html Http://192.5.73.104/attractions/on_the_strip/eiffeltower.html Experience of one of the visitors to Eiffel tower: Akash Bhasin My day started with the touring of the Eiffel tower. The tower has glass-walled elevators which get to the first, second and top platforms. There is a ticket to enter the tower which is around 12-14 euros. Nevertheless, I purchased the ticket and started my journey, the journey of eiffel. Everything about eiffel is special, starting from the entry gate, the glass-walled elevators which gives you a wide view of the lovely city. As there are three levels in the tower, I halted at each one of them as I wanted to have the feel from different altitudes. At last I reached the Top most platform of the eiffel tower. The moment I stepped outside the elevators I was flabbergasted with the view I saw. It was a lifetime view, the one I used to see in my dreams. As I was on a height of 300 meters, there was fear inside but I outstripped it and moved towards the corner. The view of the Paris city I saw from there cannot be defined. It was the most mind-blowing and fabulous scene I have ever in my life. From the top I could see the sienne river just below me, the high-rise just opposite the tower, a playground and traffic moving like ants. The humans from the top were barely visible. On the Top platform, there were arrangements for a pantry and other basic necessities. There was a room in which an effigy of Gustave Eiffel was placed. In another room, there was a list of countries and their distance from the Eiffel tower. I saw India distance that was about 6600 kms, I felt great to see that. I stayed for an hour on that platform and gazed at the view so that I can capture it through my eyes and store in my memory forever and ever. It was lovely, it was great. I actually felt that love in the air, felt like in serene nirvana. This is the moment of my life I actually lived. Statue of Liberty Introduction: The Statue of Liberty or known as Liberty Enlightening the World is a sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, it was designed by Frà ©dà ©ric Bartholdi on October 28, 1886. The statue was a gifted to the United States by the people of France. The female figure represents Liberates, the Roman goddess of freedom, she holds a torch and a tabula ansata i.e., a tablet which represents the law upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence. A broken chain is placed at her feet. The statue is an iconic symbol of freedom, liberty and of the United States. Idea and people behind its making: Bartholdi a sculpture was inspired by French law professor and politician Édouard Renà © de Laboulaye, he commented in 1865 that any monument raised to American independence would properly be a joint project of the French and American peoples. In June 1871,Bartholdi went to New York Harbor, he their fixed on Bedloes Island as a site for the statue, because vessels arrive in New York has to cross that island, which is owned by United States government. In 1875, Laboulaye offered that the French can finance the statue and the Americans canprovide the pedestal and the site for it. Bartholdi visited U.S President Ulysses S. Grant, where he was assured that is would not be difficult to get the site for the statue. The framework was by Euge-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc and Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel. Public appearance of the statue: Bartholdi completed the head and the arm holding torch, before the statue was completely designed; two pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions. The arm was displayed in New Yorks Madison Square Park between 1876 to 1882. Fund-raising: Efforts were made to raise funds for construction of pedestal in America, but till 1885 work on the pedestal was a big question due to lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer started a drive for donations to complete the project. This campaign inspired over 1,20,000 contributors. Construction and Assembly: The statue was constructed in France and was shipped to United States and it was then assembled on the pedestal of what it was then named Bedloes Island. The statues completion was celebrated by New Yorks first ticker-tape parade and a ceremony by President Grover Cleveland. Encharge: The statue was under United States Lighthouse Board until 1901, then it was under Department of War till 1933; since then, it has been looked after by the National Park Service. Renovation: The statue was closed because of renovation in 1938. In the early 1980s, it was found that it had deteriorated to such an extent that a major renovation was required. For the same reason statue was closed from 1984 to 1986. The torch and a large part of the structure were then replaced. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the statue was closed for safety reasons. It then reopened in 2004. Its again scheduled to close by late 2011. Meaning of the statue: The seven rays form a halo or an aureole. They mean the sun, the seven seas, and the seven continents, and the torch represents Liberty enlightens the world. Bartholdis models concept, a female figure in represents liberty, wearing a stole (which is a gown and cloak, and it is common in depictions of Roman goddesses). The face was modeled after sculptors mother Charlotte Beysser Bartholdi. He gave it bold classical look and applied simplified The erected statue is over a broken chain, it is half-hidden by her robes and it is difficult to see from the ground. He decided on to a tabula ansata, a keystone-shaped tablet which is used to realate to the concept of law, he chose to inscribe JULY IV MDCCLXXVI, indicating the date of the countrys Declaration of Independence. Usage of the statue as an Icon: 1971 US airmail stamp depicted the head of the Statue of Liberty. It appeared on coins which were issued to mark its centennial in 1986. An image of the statue was decided for the American eagle platinum bullion coins in 1997. It also appears on the back side of the currently issued series of Presidential Dollar which are currently circulating coins. Two images of the statues torch also appear on the current ten-dollar bill. In between 1986 and 2000, New York State had issued license plates on which statue was used. The Womens National Basketball Associations New York Liberty uses both the statues name and its image as their logo. The New York Rangers of the National Hockey League had the statues head on their third jersey which began in 1997. The National Collegiate Athletic Associations 1996 Mens Basketball Final Four, again had statue on their jersey and used it as their logo. Replica in circulation: A tiny version of the original statue, approx. one-fifth the height of the original, was gifted by the American community in Paris to France. For a patriotic tribute, the Boy Scouts of America, as part to encourage and strengthen the Arm of Liberty campaign in 1949 to 1952, donated about two hundred replicas of the statue to states and municipalities across the United States. Media: In the movies, the torch of the statue helped to set the climax of director Alfred Hitchcocks 1942film Saboteur. The statue was featured as the most famous cinematic appearances in the 1968 picture Planet of the Apes, in which it was shown half-buried in sand. It was destroyed in the science-fiction films Independence Day, The Day After Tomorrow, and Clover field. In Jack Finneys time-travel novel Time and Again, the right arm of the statue, played a crucial role. On October 15, 1924 it was announced to be US National Monument, and in 1984 it was announced to be a UNESCO world heritage site. Presentation to Public: Inside the statue is a museum for visitors to get to know about the history, importance of the place and about the great minds behind its making, for this the picture gallery is set there, they have audio visual media and multimedia presentations for explaining it easy and convenient way. For kids special program has been installed to get to know the place better and understand it in fun and easy way. For this a program called Junior ranger has been set up in which children from age group of 7-12 can participate. Children are given assignment sheets in which they have to complete the assignment which asks questions about the Statue, answers to which could be found from visiting museum and asking questions from the ranger. In this way the children learn about the statue which will remain with them for time, and as a reward on the completion of the assignment they get certificate and a batch. The Wall of Honor The American Immigrants Wall of Honor at Ellis Island, which is outside the statue, is the largest Wall on which names are written in the world. Over 7,00,000 names are currently inscribed. People can have your family name inscribed at Ellis Island. Along with the inscription people receive a certificate and their names will be listed in Ellis islands website which is an online virtual wall, which can be viewed world wide over the Internet. Benefits of a Name on the Wall of Honor: It is a permanent inscription on The American Immigrant Wall of Honor, which featured exhibit at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum. A listing is done of the honorees name and their country of origin, on the Virtual Wall where it can be viewed by the world. And, most importantly, people know that for ages to come their familys name will be on display at Ellis Island, which honors their familys unique contribution to Americas heritage. Visits to places (for primary data collection): Red Fort: It is known for magnificent history of India, where Kings stayed and gave their judgement. To explain the history of India to audience the light and sound medium is used as a tool. Human mind retains more when it hears or see, rather than what it reads, so they work on the same lines and presents history in a fun and interesting way. Gandhi Smriti: It is place where Gandhiji spend last few days of his life. It is an interactive museum, using electronic media. It try to explain about India and Gandhijis Life, they work on the lines of the more you do it yourself the more you gain. I observed the visitor themselves get so involved that it definitely creates an experience and the visit become worth and does not go waste. Finding and Analysis Now in 21st century due to time factor and pollution the marking of the Delhi observatory has become invisible, which means it does not work anymore. Now when visitors visit this place they do not understand how it used to work, because it was all visual game. Though the shadow falls, but the observer needs the marking to find out the time. Visitors to Jantar Mantar and Their activities: {VISUALS} What do visitors do in Jantar Mantar: 1. Get their pictures clicked. 2. Climb up the stairs. 3. Walk. 4. Relax. 5. Wait when some official work nearby has. 6. Some read the description on the boards. 7. College goers come to pass time when they bunk classes. 8. Couples find this place private. 9. Hang out with friends. There are two options available to describe the instruments at Jantar Mantar, guides, and these descriptive boards. Visitors visit and their feedback: One of the visitors to the observatory was a Physics professor from Bangalore, he was extremely keen to understand the instruments because of which he went through every descriptive boards. He was able to get a fair idea that different instruments are used for different purpose. But he was not able to understand how it used to work, what are the different components in an instrument about which is described in board. He was bit upset on his visit, so he gave suggestions to improve the place. 1. To have a scale model of all the instruments, so that the visitors can visually observe the time without imagining reading description about it. 2. As the place is closed in night, and it has a lot of meaning for night time i.e, stars are tracked by using instruments, so to make the visitors clear picture Gallery should be developed. 3. Descriptive boards can be more for one instrument as one board which has too much of text is bit unpleasant to read, it will increase the amount of information which the visitors get. 4. Mentioning of other near by places in Jantar Mantar. 5. The descriptions could be more in audio visual form which the will enable the visitor to retain the images in mind. 6. Package should be developed for educational trips to the place. From other visitors: Something should be done to bring out it functional value to the visitors as the main aim to visit the observatory is to observe time. Current image of Jantar Mantar from visitors point of view: So now Jantar Mantar has built an image for itself in the mind of visitors especially local people, which is that its a place 1. To have fun, 2. Where you can hang out, 3. It has apparently become the famous place for the couples because of which many youngsters go there for bird watching, 4. it is famous for all protest related activities in the city. Visitors see this place like this because what they want they do not get to see that there, i.e., The working observatory. Visitors from the entire globe come to view this ancient astronomical delight to fill their curious minds about the usage of the various tools and methods applied during those past centuries for calculations and predictions, but their curious minds remains unanswered. For now Jantar Mantar is not creating or have impact on visitors mind, it fails when it comes to leave an impact on visitors mind. Its not the fault of the place or the monument since it is an observatory and visitors visit it to see how in ancient time, these giant structures used to work, they come with curious minds which apparently remains curious because there answers do not get solved, as the observatory is a non working structure now as its marking has got erased over the period of time. A place builds its image at following step:- On the visit plays a major role as the visitors come to the place and experience it but if that experience is not memorable or something that person does not feel proud about his post visit activities would not be there, as in the visitor will not spread about it, will not post anything/less on internet, will not be encouraged to write articles. 1st visitors post visit become the prior to visit of the 2nd visitor, so its a circle/ chain which is followed. Example: when the 1st visitor visits to Eiffel tower, on the visit he is offered a package to experience so many things, and he takes back home a bag full of experience and memories so post visit he will be encouraged to spread about it amongst the friends, will upload pictures, write up on internet and will share the memories with people around, will have souvenir to share, and will be encouraged to write an article. :: this is what happens when people come after their tour to Eiffel. Now his post visit will be prior to visit for other potential visitors, who will be encouraged to plan a visit to the place. Conclusion Jantar Mantar being an astronomical and astrological observatory has all visual appeal and because of its non working instruments its main motive has disappeared. Visitors visit a place like observatory expecting to make observations using instruments, markings and shadow but on their arrival the scenario changes. In short, their experiences are not great in terms of gaining or understanding the purpose of the monument. While the other tourist places attract more tourists and have a better name because they let their purpose of existence come across the people and they make sure it does not wash off, which creates a space in memory of visitors. Synopsis Jantar Mantar, Delhi, is place which holds great astronomical and astrological value since 1700s when it was build my Jaipurs Maharaja Jai Singh Sawai II, to track the stars, sun and moon placement. The present day scenario is that everything sells because it try to creates a memory or emotional bond with the people. Jantar Mantar is one of the monuments which attracts large number of audiences one of the reason except for its values is that its in Connaught place. Observatory is not working now, the visitors except for large red structure dont get to see anything as the observatory is something in which you observe and not imagine, the same happens with every visitors. A lot of imaginations go in for those who are interested in knowing the working of observatory, which can be misleading. Now, its the age to sell place by providing a unique experience, the other tourists places are doing it by creating an whole package for the visitors, which they can take home as a nice experience. Travel has become a part of lifestyle and tourist plans there tour keeping in mind the place which suits there style. The tourist places follow it, although it make the place commercial and might hurt the sentiments of the stake holders, but for doing so related authorities should agree and then think about the changes, and improvements. Its the time when Jantar Mantar s